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  • Tokens

    • XRP (XRP)

    10/14/2025 16:00 UTC

    $2.49

    % Today
    -4.36%

    Unlock Schedule

    XRP (XRP) Token Unlock & Vesting Schedule

    The unlock chart above provides a clear visual overview of the XRP (XRP) token release schedule, showing when and how tokens enter circulation across investor, team, treasury, and community allocations. Understanding these tokenomics dynamics is critical for evaluating potential supply pressure, inflation impact, and market liquidity over time — key factors that can influence XRP price performance.

    Each color segment in the chart corresponds to a specific allocation group described in the Allocations section below. Underlying assumptions and data models used to reconstruct this schedule are explained in detail under Assumptions, while broader utility insights and token use cases are covered in Tokenomics & Utility.

    Tokenomics & Utility

    XRP tokenomics at a glance

    • Fixed supply at genesis: 100 billion XRP; no further issuance.
    • No mining or staking rewards; small fees are burned per transaction.
    • Account reserves exist to deter spam; since December 2024, the base reserve is 1 XRP per account (down from 10), with a 0.2 XRP increment per owned object (like trust lines or offers).
    • Ripple placed 55 billion XRP in on-ledger escrow in 2017 with a time-based release schedule of up to 1 billion XRP per month; unused amounts are re-escrowed. (xrpl.org)

    The burn mechanism is tiny (often 0.00001 XRP), but it provides an elegant anti-spam defense while making total supply slightly deflationary over time. Meanwhile, XRPL’s fee-voting and reserve parameters can adjust via validator consensus to balance accessibility with network safety. These details are often central to XRP tokenomics discussions and to how participants model long-term supply dynamics. (xrpl.org)

    Utility in payments and liquidity

    XRP is primarily used as a universal bridge asset in cross-border payments. Ripple’s product suite (often referred to as Ripple Payments, with On‑Demand Liquidity under the hood) sources XRP to move value between currencies in seconds, without pre‑funding accounts in destination countries. This frees working capital and shortens settlement cycles for remittances, B2B payments, and treasury moves. (docs.ripple.com)

    Assumptions

    • Genesis date set to 2012-06-01

      XRPL official history states the ledger launched in June 2012 but does not provide a specific day; we use the first of the month for modeling.

    • Pre‑escrow Ripple distributions total 18.32B XRP

      Derived from Ripple’s May 16, 2017 statement that it held 61.68B XRP (80B original company grant − 61.68B = 18.32B already distributed). Modeled linearly from 2012-06-01 to 2017-05-16.

    • Escrow releases 2018–2025 modeled linearly using net reduction

      Ripple’s Markets Reports give beginning/ending escrow balances; we convert the net change to a linear monthly schedule for charting.

    • Future escrow releases extrapolated to July 2040

      We apply the historical average net release (~203M XRP/month) to remaining escrow (37.13B) to estimate an end date; actual re‑escrow behavior may accelerate or decelerate this.

    • Non‑escrow Ripple holdings distributed gradually

      6.68B XRP remained outside escrow in 2017; Ripple’s ongoing sales/purchases imply gradual distribution. We model a linear path through 2032 for visualization.

    • Founders (non‑McCaleb) distribution modeled as long‑term linear

      Public, precise schedules are unavailable; modeling reflects that founders have transferred/sold tokens over many years and may continue to do so.

    • No PoW/PoS issuance modeled

      All XRP was created at inception; XRPL has no mining or staking rewards. Network fees destroy XRP rather than mint new supply.

    Allocations

    Ripple — Pre‑Escrow Distributions (from 80B company grant) 18.32%
    88%
    How certain we are about this information
    18,320,000,000 tokens
    Linear vesting: Jun 1, 2012 - May 16, 2017 (monthly)
    Amount equals 80B originally gifted to Ripple minus 61.68B Ripple stated it held as of May 16, 2017 (prior to placing 55B into escrow). Modeled as linear distribution from XRPL launch to the escrow‑commit announcement; represents Ripple's early sales/distributions to build liquidity.
    Ripple — Escrow Releases (55B on-ledger escrow created Dec 2017) 55.00%
    98%
    How certain we are about this information
    55,000,000,000 tokens
    Linear vesting: Jan 1, 2018 - Mar 31, 2025 (monthly)
    Net XRP that permanently left escrow from inception of the escrow program through Mar 31, 2025. Computed as 55,000,000,000 initial escrow minus 37,130,000,005 remaining in escrow on Mar 31, 2025 per Ripple Markets Reports. Modeled linearly for monthly granularity; actual gross 1B/month releases occur with a large portion re-escrowed each month.
    Linear vesting: Apr 1, 2025 - Jul 1, 2040 (monthly)
    Remaining escrow as of Mar 31, 2025. Future schedule extrapolated using historical average net release (~203M XRP/month from Dec 2017–Mar 2025). Actual future net releases depend on Ripple’s monthly re‑escrows and may vary.
    Ripple — Non‑Escrow Company Holdings (available, never escrowed) 6.68%
    85%
    How certain we are about this information
    6,680,000,000 tokens
    Linear vesting: May 16, 2017 - Dec 31, 2032 (monthly)
    6.68B XRP remained outside escrow when Ripple committed to escrow in May 2017 (61.68B held vs. 55B to be escrowed). Modeled as gradual distributions from May 2017 onward. Ripple’s quarterly Markets Reports show available holdings fluctuate due to sales, purchases, and leases.
    Founders — Jed McCaleb 9.00%
    95%
    How certain we are about this information
    9,000,000,000 tokens
    Linear vesting: Jul 1, 2013 - Jul 17, 2022 (monthly)
    Jed originally owned ~9B XRP. After departing Ripple in 2013, he distributed his allocation over time under a settlement that limited daily sales and required a 2B XRP donation to a donor‑advised fund. Ripple confirmed his final sales completed in July 2022.
    Founders — Chris Larsen & Arthur Britto (combined) 11.00%
    70%
    How certain we are about this information
    11,000,000,000 tokens
    Linear vesting: Sep 1, 2012 - Dec 31, 2050 (monthly)
    Founders retained the remaining portion of the 20B founders’ allocation (beyond Jed’s ~9B). No official public vesting schedule exists; modeled as a long‑term linear distribution to reflect gradual sales/transfers over time.

    Description

    #5

    XRP is a cryptocurrency that enables low-cost and instant transactions across the world. It is supported by Ripple, a fintech company that builds global payment systems for banks and other institutions.

    Sector: Payments
    Blockchain: Other L1
    2012
    Last Updated: 10/8/2025 21:56 UTC
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